Towards viable democratic systems

a Jordan Times editorial

Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak's surprise move to amend the constitution such that it will allow for multi-candidate presidential elections is a response to either public or US pressure, or both.

It could, hopefully, be indicative of more measures on the way to advance the democratisation process in the largest Arab country. What Egypt does on the democratic and human rights fronts would certainly catch the attention of other Arab countries considering taking the plunge. But even with the proposed constitutional change, there are still lingering negative features that will have to be addressed.

As is, the amendment stipulates that any potential candidate for the seat of president must be a member of an official, legally registered party, and his/her candidacy must be approved by parliament beforehand. It is no wonder that members of Egypt's opposition shrugged their shoulders, saying the move was insufficient to instil genuine democracy.

Had these restrictions not been stipulated, there may have been more applause for Mubarak's surprise announcement, instead of accusations that he was acquiescing to Washington's wishes.

Still, progress on the democratic front must proceed, and each country must determine the form of democracy its people demand. The varieties of democracy are numerous, and some quite complex.

Over history, they have ranged from the ancient Greek Athenian democracy to modern-day systems of so-called liberal democracy. What is important is that democracy be a package deal that includes, understandably, rights and obligations. Among these are the right to vote and the right to stand for election, freedom of expression, of association, and of the press.

There are many examples to study. No one system is perfect. And as we continue to see, the process of democratisation is dynamic, evolving and sometimes retreating. What gives impetus to the process is the citizens' understanding of their rights and responsibilities as members of society. The institutions that educate citizens about their democratic rights and duties, if allowed to conduct their work unhampered, will serve to guarantee progress towards viable and productive democratic systems.

This editorial was published in the Monday, February 28, 2005 edition of the Jordan Times. It is used here with permission.